Poverty And Poverty - 854 Words

Poverty is a problem that the world suffers from, in which case can cause an awareness. There’s people in a current area downtown who are going through poverty. Mark Gongloff states in â€Å" 45 Million Americans Still Stuck Below Poverty Line: Census† â€Å"More than 45 million people, or 14.5 percent of all Americans, lived below the poverty†¦..But the level of poverty is still higher than 12.3 percent in 2006† (2014). There’s so many people, such as children suffer from poverty. Haiti suffers 37% more in poverty than most of countries. Fighting poverty are present in the U.S and other countries, there’s a organization known as â€Å"Feeding America† that is available in the U.S and there are others in different countries known as â€Å"Hope†. Poverty is†¦show more content†¦Their target is to feed the hungry nationwide and promote the cause of ending hunger. â€Å"HOPE International† started in the 1990s in Soviet Union in Ukraine, Jeff Gutt travel to Ukraine many times conveying goods; food, medical supplies, and clothes. Gutt was told that the shipments wasn’t helpful, but he then discovered the concept of microenterprise development. In 1997 â€Å"Hope† was establish, now the prominent goals is to break the cycle of poverty and with the help of faith. The two organization differentiate they’re goals in a particular matter. â€Å"HOPE† is willing to stop poverty in a way of giving all needs, and poverty is not just struggle of hunger. While â€Å"F eeding America† is more focused on serving food to end hunger. Ending chronic hunger and stability of shelter requires action that include a great deal of change. One idea is to end only hunger, ending hunger does not stop or end poverty. The serve of food does benefit, but there also needs to be a focus on other needs. Solutions to ending poverty needs to be kept sustainable, meaning economically and socially, allowing the rate of poverty to stay at certain level. Also the focus is to call out to society. Allowing them to come and volunteer. Calling out for help is now a goal making others help and participate in the cause. To take part in these organizations there can be simple tasks, attending to events and serve time to the community. â€Å"HOPE† is willing for peopleShow MoreRelatedPoverty Of Poverty And Poverty1134 Words   |  5 Pageseach day as a result of poverty (â€Å"Child Mortality Rate Drops†). On their website, The World Bank calculated that the amount of people living in extreme poverty was likely to fall below ten percent in 2015. Even though the poverty rate has decreased, there are still many people living in extreme poverty. One billion children in the world live in poverty and organizations like Compassion International are helping give them a new life (â€Å"Poverty Facts and Stats†). What is poverty? There are two specificRead MoreThe Poverty Of Poverty And Poverty1394 Words   |  6 Pagesare so many Americans living in poverty today, and the number of those living in poverty will probably only go up from here. What s even more disheartening is that a lot of the poverty stricken families include young children. America is considered one of the richest nations in the world, and that we are so much better off than other countries. While it may be true, I beg to ask the question of why are so many of our fellow brothers and sisters living in poverty? For those of us who are fortunateRead MorePoverty And Poverty : Poverty1662 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty for centuries has been a very severe issue that has troubled many nations while impeding economic developments and progress. Poverty stricken countries are majorly concentrated in the continents of Africa and Asia. Continents like the Americas and Europe have globally been recognized as been weal thier yet still many parts of these ostensible countries face massive cases of poverty. Most at times, countries with high populations owing to high birth rates face the most casesRead MorePoverty : Poverty And Poverty3135 Words   |  13 PagesPoverty Research Paper Noah Morrow Mrs.Zimmerly English 10 April/4/2015 The rich cause poverty because of the inequality and unfairness they bring. The country is put to blame for the governments and nations decisions. The people themselves can also be put at fault for poverty because of population but, some can not help it. This affects the poverty threshold, the people, and the number of people in poverty. Poverty can be solved with the help of organizations, the government or the president,Read MorePoverty And Poverty : Poverty1950 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough many see poverty as a choice, made by those who are lazy and prefer to do nothing but expect to reap the same benefits of people who work hard every day to provide for their families. In some cases this may be true but, poverty will wreak havoc on any and all of those who have the misfortune of crossing paths with it. Poverty is alive and well throughout the world, and it has an unyielding pulse here in the United States. It has been discovered that The poorest families in America areRead MorePoverty Of Poverty And Poverty861 Words   |  4 PagesI. Background, Statistics, Introduction Poverty traps are economic anomalies that continually reinforce poverty within a country’s, or multiple countries’, economies. There are many different types of poverty traps such as savings traps, â€Å"big push† models, nutritional traps, behavioral traps, geographic traps, etc. that all affect an economy in different ways. Not only can poverty be enforced through these traps, but also through the way an economy is run or the moralities of the government. AccordingRead MorePoverty Between Poverty And Poverty Essay2121 Words   |  9 PagesPoverty in America is severe. One third of our population lives under the poverty line. The poverty line being a family of three or more surviving on $36,000 or less. This transfers to 20.5 million people. Seven million of these people being women with children. 6.7% of our population has an income less than 9,000 for a family of three. These numbers are astounding and they are only on the rise. This means that more families are going without food. This means more children are starving and gettingRead MorePoverty, Situational Poverty And Chronic Poverty1515 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty varies in different social contexts through different cultures, generations, and history. People are born and raised in different parts of the world and by different people, meaning we all come from various cultures and most likely we all have different perspectives and we define poverty differently. By talking to people from the local community we came across that there are two major types of poverty, situational poverty and chronic poverty. Situational poverty is when one becomes poor becauseRead MoreThe Poverty Cycle Of Poverty1096 Words   |  5 Pagesof poverty? The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) collects information on the social and economic status of families and their offspring every year. The National Center for Children in Poverty used a PSID study that found â€Å"that individuals who grow up in poor families are much more likely to be poor in early adulthood. Moreover, the chances of being poor in early adulthood increase sharply as the time spent living in poverty during childhood increases† (Wagmiller and Adelman). The poverty cycleRead MorePoverty Is A Problem Of Poverty1257 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty does not have one clear definition. It is a complicated, multi-faceted concept. It is a common social issue that has troubled nations for thousands of years. Poverty is the condition of having an insufficient amount of resources or income. Poverty has haunted the social life of Brazil for a number of years. With a booming economy, Brazil has managed to skip over poverty, for now. However, how long can they hold this issue off? The problem does not lie in their efforts but the way they have

Ernst And Young Ernst Young Llp Essay - 1457 Words

Ernst Young LLP was established in 1989 and was founded in England, Great Britain. Currently Ernst Young have an accounting empire worldwide, with extra offices in the Americas, Europe, Asia, etc. Ernst Young LLP is an accounting firm that is a part of the big four. The big four are seen as the most prestigious accounting firms in the world. Ernst Young provided various services other than audit and tax. The other services provided are assurance, auditing, machinery as well as protection risk, venture risk supervision, business support, merger as well as acquisition, actuarial, along with real estate optional services. It too offers worker advantage arrangement, as well as industrial services. Ernst Young worldwide Limited Company is a part of Ernst Young LLP, is an international professional provisions company and is based in London. It is the largest in terms of profit compared to the rest of the big four and the third largest professional firm in the world by income as well. This was for the year of 2014, nevertheless one can understand the economic scale of this accounting firm. . Ernst Young has the biggest international presence compared to the rest of the big four. As a result they set a global standard, due to their suppose reliability of their services. Each Ernst Young is organized as an element of one of the four districts. This is completely different from other specialized services systems which are more centrally supervised. The fourShow MoreRelatedIntellinex, Llc1630 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary Intellinex LLC is an eLearning company that was recently spun off from its parent Ernest Young LLP. At its inception Intellinex claimed to be one of the largest eLearning providers. They have an aggressive strategy to take advantage of the consolidating eLearning market and become a one-stop provider of all eLearning services for their clients. Their focus is on creating customized training for clients and helping them to implement and maintain their on-line courses. ProductsRead MoreNetflix Is The Worlds Leading Internet Television Network1149 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Ernst Young LLP (2015), Netflix â€Å"is the world’s leading Internet television network with over 57 million streaming members in nearly 50 countries (p. 1).† Since its launch in 2007, Netflix has expanded streaming services internationally into Canada, Latin America, and Europe (Ernst Young LLP, 2015). However, to continue its success, Netflix must evolve with its business strategy, evaluate the company’s outlook, minimize risk factors, and analyze the auditor’s report that will helpRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act793 Words   |  4 Pagesaccounting firm responsible for confirming the integrity of the organization’s financial reports, and creating a process to address complaints relating to and anti-fraud controls for â€Å"accounting, internal controls, and auditing† (Callahan, n.d. p. 7; Ernst Young LLP, 2014, p. 13 17; U.S. SEC, 2003, p. 1). In addition, the audit committee members must serve on the organization’s board of directors, not receive any funds from the organization in excess of board member compensation, and not have any affiliationRead MoreApple Research Paper1268 Words   |  6 PagesInc.,  2010). Once the iPad was released in April 2010 it sold 3 million devices in 80 days in the US (Apple Inc.,  2010) Apple current uses Ernst Young LLP as their audit firm. Ernst Young is a global leader in tax, advisory services, transactions, assurance, and strategic growth markets (Ernst Young,  n.d.). Before Ernst Young LLP Apples used KPMG LLP who is a worldwide presence in auditing, tax and advisory services (KPMG,  2010). Apple Inc. is listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange and thereRead MoreQuestions And Questions On Audit915 Words   |  4 Pagesthis case. Questions and Answers 1. What factors likely contributed to the oversights made by Ernst Young auditors during the 2004 AA Capital engagement? Identify measures that audit firms can implement to minimize the likelihood of such oversights on audit engagements. The fact that Oprins and McNeely were unfamiliar with the company likely contributed to the oversights that were made by the Ernst Young auditors. In the case, it states that McNeely asked the CFO for all documentation that pertainedRead MoreAicpa Code Of Professional Conduct1589 Words   |  7 Pagesguilty. The firm had recognized their responsibility for the scheme and agreed to pay the $50 million. This case is against the art of accounting and the responsibility as professionals. The firm wasn’t ethical in decision making. Arthur Andersen LLP is one of the â€Å"Big Five’ accounting firms. The firm was accused of shredding documents and getting rid of e-mail messages that pertained to their audit of Enron. This occurred after finding out that the Securities and Exchange Commission had begun anRead MoreTim Hortons Will Encounter Accounting Problems1161 Words   |  5 Pageschanges in the framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements were observed. Ernst and Young Terco (2010) continued to explain that before adopting IFRS standards, Brazilian companies had specific framework for their financial statements (p.6). When Brazil converted to IFRS standards the new framework clearly classified assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses (Ernst Young Terco, 2010, p.6). Similar to Canadian accounting standards, Brazil needs to comply with many accountingRead MoreTheu.s. Gaap And Ifrs1854 Words   |  8 Pagesto request reimbursement for over one year exists before the monetar y proclamations are issued, likewise infringement ought to be exhibited as present unless the loan specialist assertion came to preceding the accounting report date, ( © 2012 Ernst Young LLP. All Rights Reserved.) 4.Balance sheet; GAAP requires the report of taxes for each jurisdiction and should be presented a net current asset or liability, as well as the net noncurrent asset in the case of loss or credit, carry forwards, basedRead MoreCase Study : Lehman Brothers Case1813 Words   |  8 Pagesstatements to be materially misstated. In the case of Lehman brothers, there were several factors that should have tipped off the auditors to the fact that Repo 105 transactions were purely accounting-motivated, hence violating GAAS provisions: Ernst Young was made aware of Lehman’s Repo 105 program and its impact, through classifying the transaction as â€Å"sales† under FAS 140, on the balance sheet Auditors ignored the dramatic spike in Repo 105 transactions at the end of each quarterly reporting periodRead MoreQuestions On Public Accounting Firms Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesaccounting firms that offer audit, assurance, consulting, tax, actuarial, advisory, corporate and legal services to their large corporate clients. An example of international firms is the big four which consists of Ernst Young LLP, Deloitte LLP, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP and KPMG LLP. Each firm has its client specialties with over 100,000 professional CPAs as their employees each. 2-7 Evaluate the following quotation: â€Å"If a CPA firm completes a nonpublic company audit of Adam Company s financial

Service Sabotage Free Essays

The relationship between frontline service employees and customers has always been interesting research topic for service marketers as the customer-contact service employee is the service and organization in the customers’ eyes and consumer interpretations of employee performance will create their impression of the service brand (Zeithaml and Bitner, 2009).Most early work on service frontline employees is based on the assumption that interaction between service encounters and customers is harmonious and productive, where service provider tries its best to satisfy customer’s needs and expectations and where service failure is generally described as service performance that fails below a customer’s expectations for all kinds of reasons – the service may be unavailable when promised, it may be delivered late or too slowly, the outcome may be incorrect or poorly executed, or employees may be rude or uncaring (Zeithaml and Bitner, 2009).But there also exist ano ther reason for service failure – employees who can sabotage the service brand through their performance at the front line (Wallace and de Chernatony, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Service Sabotage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contact employees who willingly perform badly and actively work against the brand. The misbehavior which deliberately causes a poor service experience for a customer is often called as â€Å"deviant†, and the employee is labeled as a â€Å"service saboteur† (Patterson and Baron, 2010).Ind (2004) describes the brand saboteur as any individual who works against the brand idea and Harris and Ogbonna (2002) view service sabotage as employees’ conscious actions that are designed to affect negatively customer service. Research works on sabotage topic estimate that up to 75 percent (Harper 1990), 85 percent (Harris and Ogbonna 2002), and even 96 percent (Slora 1991) of employees regularly behave in a way that can be described as either intentionally dysfunctional or deliberately deviant.This paper aims to describe different approaches, perspectives, and motives for service sabotage at the front line and offers various implications and suggestions to help managers to better manage service sabotage. SERVICE SABOTAGE Workplace sabotage is commonly de? ned as any unconventional practice used by employees to show their dissatisfaction. Findings uncovered in studies of employee sabotage and deviance in manufacturing companies provided by Ackroyd and Thompson (1999) markedly differ from the acts of service sabotage uncovered by Harris and Ogbonna (2002).The effects of sabotage are typically delayed in manufacturing firms while almost immediate in case of services. Manufacturing sabotage commonly targets the firm itself or coworkers in contrast to service sabotage where the target of service sabotage is customer. Manufacturing sabotage actions interrupt production and negatively affect the operation and performance of the organization. In services, sabotage has negative affect on employee-customer dynamics and disrupts service encounters.And finally, sabotage in a manufacturing setting is perceived more as hidden phenomenon that have commonly covert and private nature as opposed to service sabotage, where 64% of the cases described were public. RESEARCH APPROACH There are differences between the authors regarding their perspective/point of view when conducting research on service sabotage. Most of the research works related to employee sabotage and deviance focus on service performance, employee behaviour, and on the service encounter between a customer and an employee from the perspective of the consumer.On the other hand, Wallace and de Chernatony (2009) decided to approach the topic of the service performance and service sabotage from the managers’ and employees’ point of view, while Harris and Ogbonna (2002, 2006) limit their studies on service sabotage to employee views as the aim of their works is mainly to identify the motivations and consequences of the various types of employee misbehavior. MOTIVATION FOR SERVICE SABOTAGE There is significant debate in the literature regarding the motives for employee sabotage.Hartline and Ferrell (1996) state that main causes of negative employee behaviour are stress, frustration, and confusion inherent in the boundary-spanning service role. This perspective is sympathetic to the front line service employees as authors suggest that ambiguous roles frustrate employees and this impacts on consumer satisfaction and consequently on the service brand. Employees may feel overworked, badly paid, and highly stressed (Hartline and Ferrell, 1996), which affects their behaviour.Harris and Ogbonna (2002) deny this perspective, and its assumption that employees are â€Å"malleable† and â€Å"submissive†. They also deny perspective that a saboteur is â€Å"deviant† as this may suggest that the individual is acting irrationally. Employees willingly misbehave and are fully intent in such actions (Harris and Ogbonna, 2006). Authors suggest that sabotage offers â€Å"equalisation† as it allows employees to react to difficult consumers or management demands (Harris and Ogbonna, 2006).Through a survey of low-wage frontline customer-contact employees Harris and Ogbonna (2006) showed that service workers’ c haracteristics are linked to their tendencies to sabotage service encounters, and service sabotage behaviors are associated with individual and group rewards, effects for customers, and other performance measures. Their findings further show that management control efforts and perceived labor market conditions are also linked with service sabotage and through employees’ motivation to comply sabotage increases team spirit.Their research works show high level of occurrence, frequency and diversity of sabotage behaviours, with over 85 percent of employees admitting to some form of sabotage. Wallace and de Chernatony (2009), based on their qualitative research on sabotage from the managers’ and employees’ point of view in retail banking suggest that sabotage arises from underperformance, rather than overt deviance, as suggested by Harris and Ogbonna (2002).Findings from Wallace and de Chernatony’s (2009) research lead to suggestion that there are three key issues that negatively affect employee performance and lead to sabotage: employee fear, overwork, and compliance. These issues influence job satisfaction, consumer resentment and employee security. They lead to brand sabotage, as they negatively impact on employees’ performance and on the communication of the service brand.Fear of logging complaints or offering service recovery is the first sabotage issue identified by Wallace and de Chernatony (2009). Employees’ failure to understand or comply with service requirements is perceived by mangers as a form of sabotage, even though the employee may not have a deviant motive for this behaviour, as service recovery is a critical component of service performance (Zeithaml and Bitner, 2009). Overworked employees trying to meet ? nancial metrics and consumer needs is the second issue suggested by authors.Overworked employees affect branch performance by creating problems and stress for other colleagues. Busy employees lead to dissatis? ed consumers (Wallace and de Chernatony, 2009). The third sabotage issue aroused by research is compliance. Front line employees view compliance as a detraction from expected service levels, which is reducing the efficiency of customer service, while managers view compliance in a positive way, as a component of service performance (Wallace and de Chernatony, 2009).Authors in their study further define role frustration, job dissatisfaction, informal cu lture and role ambiguity as negative components of employee behaviour, also called the drivers of sabotage. These are the states that negatively affect service employee attitudes and performance. Drivers lead to job stress, confusion, lack of clarity about the role and negativity. Affected employees negatively in? uence the consumer’s interpretation of the service brand, as negative behaviour con? icts with the service brand message (Wallace and de Chernatony, 2009).Wallace and de Chernatony’s (2009) ? ndings support Hartline and Ferrell’s (1996) perspective about employee sabotage and indicate that rather than retaliation or revenge (Harris and Ogbonna, 2002), it is frustration with excessive consumer expectations and an inability to serve consumer needs, which negatively in? uence employee behaviour (Wallace and de Chernatony, 2009). Lawrence and Robinson (2007) state that workplace deviance is a form of organizational resistance, caused by power and driven by provocations.Provocations come from disparities between a current state and some ideal state, need, or desi re, which creates frustration. Enactments of power can lead to a loss of autonomy and identity, and to perceptions of injustice, which together can provoke feelings of frustration, which in turn may motivate deviant behavior (Lawrence and Robinson, 2007). Authors suggest that organizational power has the potential to induce workplace deviance, while the nature of deviance as a form of resistance depends on the nature of the power that inducts it.Forms of power that are systemic (discipline or domination) will tend to incite deviance directed at the organization, whereas episodic power (influence or force) will tend to provoke deviance targeted at individual organizational members (Lawrence and Robinson, 2007). Deviant actions may be functional to those engaging in them because they serve to maintain and protect their needs for autonomy and sense of self-respect and fairness (Lawrence and Robinson, 2007).Lawrence and Robinson’s (2007) findings support Hartline and Ferrell’s perspective about employee sabotage, which state that one of the main causes of negative employee behaviour is frustration, and at the same time they support Harris amp; Ogbonna’s (2006) suggestion that service sabotage may represent the form o f resistance and equalization in labor-management relations, as Lawrence and Robinson’s (2007) findings also shows that traditional forms of resistance do not produce the outcomes that many employees desire and service sabotage may be employee’s covert form of equalization against the actions of manipulative management.Patterson and Baron’s (2010) research work on deviant behaviour of frontline employees in retail store offers different perspective on service sabotage phenomenon. It concentrates more on customers with their perceptions and notions, as they represents active part of encounter and directly influences service quality. Patterson and Baron (2010) suggest that customers often have negative preconceived ideas about the true motivations of employees. The results of their study surprisingly show that an overwhelming majority of customers ? d employees to be guilty of misbehaviour whether they witness incidents to support this contention or not. Customers generally perceive retail employees to be bored, lazy, and unhelpful, to discriminate between customers according to appearance, and to â€Å"act† their role to bene? t themselves or their supervisors rather that improve customer service (Patterson and Baron, 2010). Study illuminates fact that most customers, especially the young ones, have very low opinions of retail customer-contact employees and they enter the stores with shared pre-conceptions of why the employees are behaving the way they do.They do not expect to be satis? ed or delighted by the service employees. Authors uncovered that, while customer-employee encounter might seem polite on the surface, many service encounters are characterised as adversarial, a kind of running battle, a covert power struggle between staff and cynic customers who believe that the actions of store employees are motivated by self-interest and sel? shness. Customers use cynicism extensively as a resource that reassures them that they are not overly dependent on the retail employee.Through cynicism, they maintain their perceived relative power in the exchanges (Patterson and Baron, 2010), while contact employees being willingly unhelpful to customers simply and very effectively restore the social balance of power, which is surely on the side of the customers, since the discourse of consumers sovereignty privileges the needs of consumers, while necessarily, at the same time, negates the needs of employees (Korczynski and Ott, 2004). Patterson and Baron’s (2010) study findings together with Korczynski and Ott’s (2004) context of the balance of power in the service encounter suggest some similarity with Harris and Ogbonna’s (2006) and Lawrence and Robinson’s (2007) suggestions that sabotage offers equalisation in employee – customer relations, as it allows employees to react to difficult consumers. But tendency to be unhelpful does not necessarily have to be a deliberately conscious snub. It might be just a natural product of an employee’s human propensity to avoid physical labour; at least this is how the customer sees it (Patterson and Baron, 2010).IMPLICATIONS Based on various findings, coming from different studies on service sabotage and deviant behaviour, shown in previous section, the following part offers some of the recommendations, which should help managers to reduce employee sabotage at workplace. Harris and Ogbonna’s (2006) finding that individual chara cteristics are linked to service sabotage underpins the importance of frontline staff qualities and therefore, an implication of their study is need of consideration of these factors during recruitment, induction, training and probational period by human resource managers.Authors suggest that managers should critically evaluate the qualities of job applicants when recruiting employees into positions where service sabotage is possible in order to minimise the possibility of service sabotage incidents. Efforts to identify potential service saboteurs and measures to control their behavior should be implemented by company management. Use of cultural control efforts can also affectively change employees’ set of mind and help controlling the actions of service personnel when direct controls are ineffective, not in place or can not be used.Harris and Ogbonna (2006) further advice managers to use well-developed mechanisms and programs that are designed directly or indirectly to control the actions of frontline employees, including organizational culture interventions, psychological profiling and selective recruitment, electronic surveillance and a range of bureaucratic control mechanisms. Authors advise managers to develop strategies and tactics designed to enhance employees’ sense of self-worth (programs of employee empowerment, job enrichment, group-based socialization and reward systems, job rotation, self-development, self-improvement).In order to deal with fear, overwork, and compliance – issues that negatively affect employee performance and lead to service sabotage, Wallace and de Chernat ony (2009) recommend managers to ensure that employees are encouraged to own complaints and their fear caused by unrealistic metrics or perceived consumer retaliation is limited. There should be structures provided to support employees with large workloads, to ensure that they do not pass stress to their colleagues and employees should be evaluated on both ? nancial performance and customer service metrics.Procedures should be developed in a manner which best facilitates customer service and employee adaptability (Wallace and de Chernatony, 2009). Authors suggest that this could be achieved by management example, and through best practice training, which should include advice in dealing with customer retaliation and case studies of employee experiences. A frontline employee training is also strongly recommended by Patterson and Baron (2010). They suggest that it should be orientated on customer trust development, reduction of customer cynicism and support of employees’ constructive creativity.According to the authors, employee training should not be provided through functional scripts and handy customer service tips, as customers are inclined to be cynical in the ? rst place and the employee adoption of an organizationally devised script when dealing with customers reinforces their cynicism. This can eventually result in customers deliberately aiming to ruin the script and encourage service sabotage behaviours from severely bored employees (Patterson and Baron, 2010). Many authors and theories argue that organizations can and should increase managerial control to ensure employees act in company interests.Lawrence and Robinson (2007) in contrast state that attempts of managers to control and limit deviant workplace behavior m ay even increase such behavior, rather than reduce it. By conceptualizing deviance as a form of organizational resistance, we can move the study of deviance away from the notion that there are unique â€Å"deviant† organizational members (Lawrence and Robinson 2007) and so only by understanding the causes of deviance effective solutions can be identified. CONCLUSION This paper presents variety of opinions in the extant literature regarding the motives, drivers and issues of frontline service sabotage.Hartline and Ferrell (1996) suggested that the stresses inherent in the service role were responsible for creating bad. Harris and Ogbonna (2002, 2006) found that saboteurs were willfully misbehaving and sometimes acted out of desire for revenge. Wallace and de Chernatony (2009) proved that Hartline and Ferrell’s view is applicable to the banking sector and that the banking role is inherently stressful, and behaviour is affected as a consequence. Lawrence and Robinson (2007) argue that workplace deviance is often sparked by the systems of organizational power that lead to employee frustration and eviant behaviors. Their findings support Hartline and Ferrell’s statement that frustration can lead to negative employee behaviour, along with Harris and Ogbonna’s (2006) suggestion that service sabotage may represent equali zation in relations. Patterson and Baron (2010) found that frontline employees are trapped in an uneven power dynamic where markedly cynical customers hold the balance of power. Paper also presents implications of the ? ndings, to help managers dealing with workplace deviance and sabotage.Harris and Ogbonna (2002, 2006) recommend managers to use advanced recruitment techniques, improved monitoring measures, well-developed controlling mechanisms and strategies designed to enhance employees’ sense of self-worth, while Wallace and de Chernatony (2009) strongly suggest encouraging employees, providing employees support structures, improving employees’ evaluation metrics and using the best practice training when fighting the service sabotage. Patterson and Baron (2010) also argue that appropriate training in necessary for creating successful service encounters with cynical customers.Findings indicate that intentional sabotage is driven by range of factors (Harris and Ogbonna, 2006) and the service context in? uences behaviour. Extensive studies show that sabotage behaviour is very potential and ubiquitous phenomenon which requires constant attentio n and further research because deviant behaviour, when not confronted, becomes the norm (Patterson and Baron, 2010). How to cite Service Sabotage, Papers

Development Of Huck Finn Essay Example For Students

Development Of Huck Finn Essay Character is developed by experience. When a person is young, they are impressionable, and will often change their beliefs and values depending on the situation. I feel that this is because children have such a small amount of personal experience and knowledge. These two possessions cannot be taught and must be acquired first-hand. Knowledge allows people to make their own decisions and have some idea of what the outcome will be. Personal experience is, in not to abstract a way, the same thing. Experience, by definition, is the Active participation in events or activities, leading to the accumulation of knowledge or skill. Experience and knowledge define a person as an individual. Every sentient being draws from their experiences in the formation of their values and in their responses. Every person met, every conversation had, every day lived, shapes us. And just as how a small sum of money seems to be a fortune, someone without much experience will learn astounding amounts from every simple thing. Huckleberry Finn, when the story opens, has been stuck in the same town for most of his life. Up until the early to mid 1900 s, the average person never traveled more than 50 miles from their home. Huck s entire world consisted of little more than the town in which he lived and the surrounding wilderness. Through the efforts of his guardians, Widow Douglas and Miss Watson, Huckleberry receives a basic education and is taught the stories of the bible. Tom Sawyer also helps to broaden Huck s horizons a little with his stories of adventure. Despite the obvious lack of reality in the adventures Tom has read, when attempting to act them out with Huck, he opens their minds to thought about the rest of the world. Huckleberry Finn struck out on his own because he was restless. He was not satisfied with his options; either stay around with the widow and be sivilized, or stay with his father and be beaten. To become sivilized would require schooling, Huck would have to learn proper etiquette, the three R s, study the bible, and go to church. Early in the story, Huck declares his distaste for religion when he discovers that Moses was dead, so then I didn t care no more about him; because I don t take no stock in dead people. (pg. 4). Also, when he was staying with the widow, Huck often complained of being lonely. When Huck was taken by his father to the log cabin, in some ways he was happier. The absence of forced study, tablecloths, starched clothes, and manners comforted the country boy. He enjoyed the hunting and fishing, Huck enjoyed the freedom of the outdoors. Despite the fact that his drunken father probably didn t make for very good conversation, and the fact that Huck was locked in the cabin alone for sometimes days at a time, there is less mention of him feeling lonely. But the thing that finally drove Huck off was the murder attempt by his hallucinating father. By setting out on his own, Huck has made a large decision that he knows will determine the outcome of rest of his life. To him going back to the widow is not an option because he was so miserable, and going back to his father is also not an option because he fears the beating he will receive. Feeling as if he will not miss the town or its inhabitants and thinking that his father will soon have his riches, Huck tells himself he has nothing to loose and sets out. Strangely, despite the fact that they were living under the same roof, Huckleberry and Jim don t seem as if they were all that close to each other prior to starting on their journey. .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae , .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae .postImageUrl , .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae , .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae:hover , .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae:visited , .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae:active { border:0!important; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae:active , .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1d58a2740d47f65b35ec431b07d9c6ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Identify Marks and Spencers market position and de EssayHuck s attitude towards Jim is not very surprising when you consider the time period and the way he was raised. To young Finn, Jim is simply a nigger and no more. In Huck s narrative, he belittles Jim and it can be inferred that he sees Jim as his subordinate. To Huck, Jim s ignorance in certain matters is simply accounted for be his color. Huck says I see it warn t no use wasting words – you can t learn a nigger to argue. (pg. 68), with this he implies that black people were not intelligent enough to argue their points. Through out the novel, as the relationship between Huck and Jim develops, the way Huck feel s about Jim changes. Although it is not particularly shown in Huck s speech, his actions show a deep bond between the two. In chapter 16, even after Huck resolves to notify someone that Jim is a runaway slave, he still protects him. Finn goes even further to share the money he takes in with Jim. And by chapter 31, Huck is deeply hurt by the loss of Jim and resolves to rescue Jim even if it entails eternal damnation. Also evolving through out the plot is Huckleberry s kindness toward others. Whereas in the beginning of the novel, Huck had no problem with stealing and playing tricks on Jim. Even by chapter 16, Huck is hatching a plan to get the robbers aboard the steamboat caught. In chapter 26, disgusted by the complete lack of respect on the behalf of the Duke and the Dauphin, Huck resolves to reveal his companions deceit in order to save the true heirs from poverty. The Huck Finn we knew in the beginning of the book most likely would have demanded a share of the profit. And here the same character is, trying to help the Wilks daughters for no foreseeable gain. Huckleberry, when he was living back in the town, seemed to constantly be on the lookout for a way to make money. Whether it be by planning to rob travelers with Tom Sawyer, or selling the timber rafts when they came down, the dream of increased wealth danced in his head. Even when Huck finds the canoe, his first thought is of money the old man will be glad when he sees this – she s worth ten dollars (pg. 27). But as the story progresses, and the drifting duo retreat from society, Huck begins to think less and less of money, and seems to begin to value a clear conscience. This is definitively shown in his aiding the Wilks sisters. Where Huck felt such compassion towards them that he, to some level, risked his life to aid them. Through Jim, Huckleberry began to learn the value of friendships and life itself. Jim loved his family to great ends, he planned to buy his own freedom and eventually that of his wife and children so they could be together once again. Huck, it seems, never truly had a family, his father was always drunk and the widow was too restrained for him to relate too. In all his relationships with care-givers, the care given was unwanted. But aboard the raft, Jim shared his thoughts and wisdom openly, and in a way, the two drifting runaways had formed a family. Huck became more considerate as time went on. Learning from his errors, Huck resolved never to play tricks on Jim after he noticed the pain caused by his deception. Huck takes a large step when he says It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger – but I done it, and I warn t ever sorry for it afterwards (pg. 74). In this moment, Huck learned that he had the power to hurt others and realized something that some people forget, that it s not right to tool with the emotions of those that care for you. Before this journey, I doubt that anyone had seriously depended on Huckleberry. Jim, without another soul in the world to trust, turned to Huck. .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 , .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 .postImageUrl , .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 , .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283:hover , .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283:visited , .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283:active { border:0!important; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283:active , .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283 .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14d927ddbb61fe1050e395937d5bc283:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gun Control Commentary EssayThere were many situations where it was only by Huck s quick thinking and courage that Jim retained his freedom. Such as when Huck claimed that his family was sick with small pox on the boat (pg. 78), or when Huck attempts to rescue Jim from his captors in the last few chapters. However, the dependency was not only one way. Huck grew to love Jim and depended on him for support, and comfort. Mark Twain wrote: A book of mine where a sound heart and a deformed conscience come into collision and conscience suffers defeat. (www. twainquotes. com). All through the novel, Finn is constantly battling with his conscience over what is the right choice. He was troubled by his conscience when one side of him said to turn Jim in because it was the law, while the other side kept him bound to his promise and his friend. He was troubled when he had to decide whether to inform Mary Jane of his companions deception, or simply arrange for her to get the money back. Every conflict ended with the true and honest decision being made. Huck had sprouted an iron will and grown a just mind, these two would lead him through the novel and force him to do what s right. By the end of their journey, Huck had learned many lessons that some people never learn. The experience alone of being adrift along the Mississippi river must have been amazing, but the adventures add to the equation exponentially. Huckleberry Finn was no doubt a changed man after his pilgrimage. The trials that Huck had passed along the way had already formed a different being from the one we knew in the beginning. Huck had learned the importance of honesty and how it takes precedence over greed. He had learned what it feels like to be cared about and to care about someone else. He had discovered the emptiness of money and the value of friendship. But most importantly, Huck knew exactly how to spot a con-artist. Still restless, Huck entertains the notion of heading west to continue his adventures. Partially driven on by the same force that he once ran away from, Tom s aunt sally is trying to sivilize him. Huck concludes that he has nothing more to say, but he does announce that he has no more plans for writing any more books. And Finn goes so far as to say that if he knew how much trouble it was going to cause him, he wouldn t have written it in the first place. The story ends with Huck upholding morals far beyond his years and upholding values unknown to his time. One must keep in mind, Huck is only about 13.